Appendix 8 - Focal Infection References

The following are a small sample of published scientific papers which acknowledge the reality of Focal Infection and the disgusting lies told by the dental profession that focal infection does not exist. (461 References)

Quintessence International is one of the most highly respected dental journals in the world. They state in 1997:

“The detrimental effect of focal infection on general health has been known for decades. Chronic dental infections may worsen the condition of medically compromised patients.” (335)

Brain Abscess following Dental Infection” Henig and Eliezer Journal of Oral Surgery in 1978.

“ The elimination of infection from human tissue is a necessary goal based on fundamental biological principles. It is even more essential in an environment in which the natural defence mechanisms of the body are unable to function. Such an environment is the root canal of a tooth.”

Focal Infection – Prof Newman

In 1996 the Journal of Dental Research published a landmark study by Professor Hubert N. Newman. ^[i] It was edited by Prof. Irwin Mandel the Assoc. Dean for Research School of Dental and Oral Surgery Colombia University New York. This paper has over 200 references and concludes with: “Focal Infection should be a major concern in dentistry”.

“Ideas tend to be many, good ideas few. Ideas also tend to become entrenched, and the protagonists adopt glowering stances on opposite hills, like David and Saul of old, although, as with them, the real glowering is usually somewhat one‑sided.

….“What can be even more frustrating is the perennial re invention of the wheel. Scientists seem to be at least as prone to this malady as any other group. The result is a waste of time, effort, and resources which would have been more profitably directed in the pursuit of human welfare. This is particularly relevant in matters of health and disease. Most news bulletins carry items‑usually lurid, misinformed, exaggerated, and scare‑mongering, not to say somewhat misleading‑about diseases and their treatment or prevention.”

“Let me preface this review by saying that this is about a rediscovery, not a discovery. I wonder why it has taken so long to be accepted-and then not unanimously, I would guess – that oral health is so important in relation to systemic health that the dentist has a responsibility for general health. That comment came from a great parent with no scientific training.”

“About a century ago, William Hunter first synthesized the notion that oral micro-organisms and their products were involved in a range of systemic diseases not always of obvious infectious origin, such as arthritis (Hunter, 1900, 1921). Arguably, as in so many other spheres of dentistry, perhaps the first actually to draw attention to the relationship between oral and systemic infections was W.D. Miller (1890), especially with his study of the human mouth as a focus of infection (1891 ). The orgy of extraction that ensued, without clear positive results, resulted in the notion of “focal infection” or “focal sepsis” falling into disrepute. By relegating this notion to the professional back burner, we compromise our role as oral physicians-physicians whose area of specialization is the mouth.”

Some of the diseases and references are listed below directly from the paper.

“Intracranial infections constitute another serious sequel of oral focal infection. Brain abscesses are recorded (Churton and Greer, 1976; Gallagher et al., 1981; Goteiner et al., 1982; Aldous et al., 1987; Marks et al., 1988; Andrews and Franham, 1990) and may be more localized, e.g., to frontal (Ingham et al., 1978), parietal (Andersen and Horton, 1990), or frontoparietal lobes (Seal et m., 1988), with occasionally fatal consequences, often being resistant to antibiotics (Gallagher et al., 1981; Schuman and Turner, 1994).

Meningitis has also occurred as a focal infection (Hedstrom et al., 1980; Zachariades et m., 1986; Fernando and Phipps, 1988), as has acute hemiplegia following a dental abscess (Hamlyn, 1978). Larkin and Scott (1994) reported a case of metastatic paraspinal abscess and paraplegia secondary to dental extraction. Nerves themselves may be affected, including such problems as actinomycosis of the gasserian ganglion (Perna et al., 1981) and trigeminal nerve anesthesia (Barrett and Buckley, 1986).

It has been observed that solitary lung abscesses are rare in the absence of teeth (Newman, 1968) and have been noted secondary to dental infection (Latronica and Shukes, 1973; Terezhalmy and Bottomley, 1978; Rams and Slots, 1992). A particular problem in the susceptible elderly group is aspiration pneumonia of oral microbial origin (Loesche et m., 1995).

Infective endocarditis remains the most clear instance of focal infection (Eggleston, 1975; Strauss, 197a; Spaulding and Friedman, 1975; Kraut and Hicks, 1976; Kaplan, 1977; Oakley, 1979; Whittington, 1979; Thornton and Alves, 1981; Bayliss et al 1983 Siegman‑lgra et al., 1984; Lieberman, 1992).

… One of the most intriguing developments in focal infection research is the recent association of dental infections and myocardial infarction,

Liver infections have also on occasion been cited as attributable to dental infections (Crippin and Wong 1992). Micro‑organisms from periodontal lesions have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (Van Dyke et al 1986).

It has also been observed (in animals) that infection with Gram‑negative periodontitis‑associated organisms may adversely affect pregnancy outcome (Collins et al., 1994), and that severity of maternal inflammatory periodontal disease is associated with a risk for low birth weight.”

Medline 1960 to 1998

General

Andra A Massive infection of odontogenic origin Zentralbl Chir (1978) 103(8):527-32

2565 patients with infections of odontogenic origin are reported. In only 34,8% of the cases the correct diagnosis was established. Purulent inflammations of the submaxillar area mostly occurred (49.9%) followed by the pharyngeal area (19.9%). Early signs of the spreading of the inflammation must be the indication to send the patient to the hospital to avoid complications.

Berard R Special characteristics of infection spread in temporary molars Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) (1973 Dec) 27(104):707-18
Cros P Freidel A Parret J 3 studies on general infections with dental etiology and bacteriological proofs Ann Odontostomatol (Lyon) (1969 Sep-Oct) 26(5):189-93
Cadenat H Marcopoulos A Gely P Fabie M Combelles R 2 new cases of Melkersson-Rosenthal’s syndrome Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1971 Sep) 72(6):635-42
Elsner R Koch H Errors and dangers in treatment of odontogenic infections with antibiotics Quintessenz (1977 Oct) 28(10):137-40
Gawrzewska B Wedler A Fijal D Results of studies on the removal of active infectious foci in the treatment of diseases caused by odontogenic focal infections Czas Stomatol (1976 Dec) 29(12):1099-103
Huurman PM Root canal therapy and focal infection Dtsch Stomatol (1965 Dec) 15(12):938-40
Klammt J Life endangering complications of acute odontogenous infections in the era of antibiotics Dtsch Gesundheitsw (1969 Sep 4) 24(36):1695-8
Hunter N Focal infection in perspective. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1977 Oct) 44(4):626-7
Lachard J Cremieu A Jars G Ged S Kaplanski P 4 cases of Osler’s disease Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1970 Jul-Aug) 71(5):405-10
Reil B Koblin I Catamnestic surveys in 371 cases of abscess of the maxillofacial region in childhood Dtsch Zahnarztl Z (1976 Feb) 31(2):182-4
Rouchon Distant manifestations of bucco-dental origin in children Med Infant (Paris) (1965 May) 72(5):341-9
Sadowsky C The tooth and periodontium as a site of focal infection. Diastema (1968) 2(3):43-7
Stortebecker TP Spreading hazards from infection foci Sprindningsvagar fr~an infektiosa foci. Sven Tandlak Tidskr (1966 Feb 15) 59(2):99-107
Sukin L Periodontal disease, focal infection and systemic health. J N J Dent Assoc (1975 Winter) 46(2):26-9, 47

Cardiac

Asikainen S Alaluusua S Bacteriology of dental infections. Eur Heart J (1993 Dec) 14 Suppl K:43-50

Oral bacteria may spread into the blood stream through ulcerated epithelium in diseased periodontal pockets and cause transient bacteraemias, which are regarded as increased risk, especially for immunocompromised patients or persons with endoprotheses.

Droz D Koch L Lenain A Michalski H Bacterial endocarditis: results of a survey in a children’s hospital in France Br Dent J (1997 Aug 9) 183(3):101-5
Lieberman MB A life-threatening, spontaneous, periodontitis-induced infective endocarditis. J Calif Dent Assoc (1992 Sep) 20(9):37-9
Mattila KJ Dental infections as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J (1993 Dec) 14 Suppl K:51-3
Mattila KJ Valle MS Nieminen MS Valtonen VV Hietaniemi KL Dental infections and coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (1993 Nov) 103(2):205-11
Paunio K Impivaara O Tiekso J Maki J Missing teeth and ischaemic heart disease in men aged 45-64 years. Eur Heart J (1993 Dec) 14 Suppl K:54-6
Root TE Silva EA Edwards LD Topp JH Hemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with a probable primary dental focus of infection. Chest (1981 Jul) 80(1):109-10
Seymour RA Steele JG Is there a link between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease? see comments Br Dent J (1998 Jan 10) 184(1):33-8
Wahl MJ Clinical issues in the prevention of dental-induced endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent (1995 Aug) 7(6):29-36; quiz 37
Whyman RA et al Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994 Jul;78(1):47-50 Dens in dente associated with infective endocarditis After dental abscess of the UL Lateral incisor
Younessi OJ Walker DM Ellis P Dwyer DE Fatal Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis: the dental implications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (1998 Feb) 85(2):168-72

Chest

Bonapart IE Stevens HP Kerver AJ Rietveld AP Rare complications of an odontogenic abscess: mediastinitis, thoracic empyema and cardiac tamponade. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1995 May) 53(5):610-3
Cogan IC Necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to descending cervical cellulitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1973 Sep) 36(3):307-20
Colmenero Ruiz C Labajo AD Yanez Vilas I Paniagua J Thoracic complications of deeply situated serous neck infections. J Craniomaxillofac Surg (1993 Mar) 21(2):76-81
IM Dhanarajani PJ Cervical cellulitis and mediastinitis caused by odontogenic infections: report of two cases and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1995 Feb) 53(2):203-8
Economopoulos GC Scherzer HH Gryboski WA Successful management of mediastinitis, pleural empyema, and aortopulmonary fistula from odontogenic infection. Ann Thorac Surg (1983 Feb) 35(2):184-7
Esgaib AS Silva AC Meira EB Kassab GE Salvestro E de S de Souza MM Steinberg O Lyra R de M Ghefter M [Mediastinitis following dental infection: report of 2 cases] Rev Paul Med (1986 Sep-Oct) 104(5):283-5
Esgaib AS Ghefter MC Lyra R de M Guidugli RB Trajano AL Ferreira SM Mediastinitis after cervical suppuration. Rev Paul Med (1992 Sep-Oct) 110(5):227-36
Garatea-Crelgo J Gay-Escoda C Mediastinitis from odontogenic infection. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1991 Apr) 20(2):65-8
Gonnon F Perrin-Fayolle M [Incidence of the bucco-dental infections on acute and chronic bronchopulmonary infections] Ligament (1978) 16(129):25-32
Guittard P Ducasse JL Jorda MF Eschapasse H Lareng L [Mediastinitis caused by odontogenic anaerobic bacteria] Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (1984) 3(3):216-8
Hendler BH Quinn PD Fatal mediastinitis secondary to odontogenic infection. J Oral Surg (1978 Apr) 36(4):308-10

A case of necrotizing mediastinitis that caused death in a 38-year old man has been reported. The cause of his infection was proved, both radiographically and clinically, to be dental infection associated with the lower molars and their supporting structures. A diffuse cellulitis involving the submandibular, masticator, and parapharyngeal spaces ensued. Sudden onset of severe pleuritic chest pains and a 100% pneumothorax of the left lung developed, which ultimately led to his death.

Kruchinskii GV Korsak AK Myshkovskii VA Ryneiskii SP [Experience with the diagnosis and treatment of secondary odontogenic mediastinitis] Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1989 Nov-Dec) 68(6):15-7
Lee SH Kim JS Kwack DH Jung Y [A case report of odontogenic infection leading to fatal mediastinitis] Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi (1989 Mar) 27(3):279-86
Latronica RJ Shukes R Septic emboli and pulmonary abscess secondary to odontogenic infection. J Oral Surg (1973 Nov) 31(11):844-7
Larik ML van Zanten TE van der Waal I van der Kwast WA [Lung disease resulting from osteomyelitis of the mandible] Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd (1978 Nov) 85(11):428-30
Levine TM Wurster CF Krespi YP Mediastinitis occurring as a complication of odontogenic infections. Laryngoscope (1986 Jul) 96(7):747-50
McCurdy JA Jr MacInnis EL Hays LL Fatal mediastinitis after a dental infection. J Oral Surg (1977 Sep) 35(9):726-9

The pertinent features of life-threatening complications of dental infections have been briefly reviewed with particular emphasis on the alterations of the clinical features of these conditions induced by antibiotic therapy. The clinician who deals with dental infections must exercise a high index of suspicion to consistently abort the development of these complications, especially when treating debilitated patients or individuals with compromised immune functions.

Marty-Ane CH Alauzen M Alric P Serres-Cousine O Mary H Descending necrotizing mediastinitis. Advantage of mediastinal drainage with thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg (1994 Jan) 107(1):55-61
Marchan Carranza E Gijon Rodriguez J Mantes German I [Septic pulmonary embolism secondary to dental focus. Lemierre’s syndrome? (letter; comment)] Arch Bronconeumol (1994 Nov) 30(9):473-4
Molchanova KA Stepanova TV [Clinical picture and therapy of odontogenic mediastinitis] Khirurgiia (Mosk) (1971 Jan) 47(1):79-83
Moncada R Warpeha R Pickleman J Spak M Cardoso M Berkow A White H Mediastinitis from odontogenic and deep cervical infection. Anatomic pathways of propagation. Chest (1978 Apr) 73(4):497-500

Potentially lethal consequences can quickly occur once the mediastinum is subjected to the ravages of an anaerobic infection. Mediastinitis from odontogenic or deep cervical infections is extremely rare in the era of antibiotic drugs. We have recently encountered five such cases, with a rapid spread of the inflammatory process into the mediastinum resulting in a number of local and systemic complications. All were caused by anaerobic bacteria. Awareness of such complications and early roentgenographic diagnosis lead to prompt surgical drainage, proper antibiotic therapy, and survival after a stormy clinical course. The anatomic pathways between the various fascial planes of the neck and ediastinum will be described.

Morey-Mas M Caubet-Biayna J Iriarte-Ortabe JI Mediastinitis as a rare complication of an odontogenic infection. Report of a case. Acta Stomatol Belg (1996 Sep) 93(3):125-8
Musgrove BT Malden NJ Mediastinitis and pericarditis caused by dental infection. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1989 Oct) 27(5):423-8
Petrone JA Mediastinal abscess and pneumonia of dental origin. J N J Dent Assoc (1992 Autumn) 63(4):19-23
Piperno D Gaussorgues P Leger P Gerard M Boyer F Tigaud S Pignat JC Robert D [Mediastinitis caused by anaerobic bacteria. 4 cases] Presse Med (1987 Nov 14) 16(38):1889-90
Robustova TG Gubin MA Kharitonov IuM Girko EI The diagnosis and treatment of contact odontogenic mediastinitis Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1996) 75(6):28-32
Rubin MM Cozzi GM Fatal necrotizing mediastinitis as a complication of an odontogenic infection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1987 Jun) 45(6):529-33
Sazonov AM Muromskii IuA Plotnikov NA Zubkova LF Troianskii IV Odontogenic mediastinitis Grudn Khir (1977 Jul-Aug)(4):82-6
Siegel EB Friedlander AH Mongiardo JJ Klebsiella pneumonia facial fistula secondary to non-vital tooth. A case report. N Y State Dent J (1976 May) 42(5):291-2
Smith RW Taylor RG O’Connor JF Dental infection: a source of pulmonary emboli. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1967 Aug) 24(2):158-63
Sobolewska E Skokowski J Jadczuk E Pleural empyema as a complication of descending necrotizing mediastinitis Pneumonol Alergol Pol (1997) 65(5-6):364-9
Steiner M Grau MJ Wilson DL Snow NJ Odontogenic infection leading to cervical emphysema and fatal mediastinitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1982 Sep) 40(9):600-4
Sugata T Fujita Y Myoken Y Fujioka Y Cervical cellulitis with mediastinitis from an odontogenic infection complicated by diabetes mellitus: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1997 Aug) 55(8):864-9
Timosca G Gogalniceanu D Barna M Streba P Vicol C Popescu E [Suppurative cervico-mediastinitis of odontogenic origin] Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Ser Stomatol (1989 Oct-Dec) 36(4):291-301
Tamura M Minemura T Kurashina K Kotani A Mediastinitis caused by odontogenic infection associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1992 Jul) 74(1):15-8
Terezhalmy GT Bottomley WK Pulmonary nocardiosis associated with primary nocardial infection of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1978 Feb) 45(2):200-6
Unteanu G Solacolu VI Problems concerning the etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary suppurations Pneumoftiziol (1976 Jan-Mar) 25(1-2):23-6
Webster AC Parnell AG The management of respiratory obstruction secondary to odontogenic infection–case report. Can Anaesth Soc J (1972 May) 19(3):299-304
Zachariades N Mezitis M Stavrinidis P Konsolaki-Agouridaki E Mediastinitis, thoracic empyema, and pericarditis as complications of a dental abscess: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1988 Jun) 46(6):493-5

Neurologic and Central Nervous System

Aldous JA Powell GL Stensaas SS Brain abscess of odontogenic origin: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc (1987 Dec) 115(6):861-3
Andersen WC Horton HL Parietal lobe abscess after routine periodontal recall therapy. Report of a case. J Periodontol (1990 Apr) 61(4):243-7
Andrews M Farnham S Brain abscess secondary to dental infection. Gen Dent (1990 May-Jun) 38(3):224-5
Balogh G Afra D Inovay J [Endocranial abscess: complication of dental extraction] Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1972 Apr-May) 73(3):205-9
Bayer D. et al Trigeminal Neuralgia an overview. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 1979:48:393-9
Benech A Barrale S Dalmasso di Garzegna A [Left temporal abscess in bearers of maxillary and mandibular endosseous implants. A clinical case] Minerva Stomatol (1986 Oct) 35(10):999-1003
Becarevici V [Acute delusion psychosis (acute delusion crisis) secondary to a dental infection] Rev Med Suisse Romande (1988 Mar) 108(3):257-62
Bergouignan H Benoit P Boussagol P Brun G [Neuralgic syndrome of dental origin simulating an essential facial neuralgia] : Rev Odontostomatol Midi Fr (1969) 27(2):124-5
Black R., laboratory model for Trigeminal Neuralgia. Adv. Neuro.1974; 4:651-8
Churton MC Greer ND Intracranial abscess secondary to dental infection. N Z Dent J (1980 Apr) 76(344):58-60
Chuikin SV [Immunological aspects of the effect of inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area on the brain] Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1989 May-Jun) 68(3):32-5
Dechaume M Laudenbach P [Cerebro-meningeal manifestations of dental etiology] Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1969 Mar) 70(2):109-14
el Fakir Y Jiddane M Abid A Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus of dental origin. Apropos of a case with a review of the literature Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1993) 94(1):55-9
Essioux H Burlaton J Legros J Daly JP Molinie C Laverdant C Recurrent suppurative meningitis of dental origin in Behcet’s disease Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) (1982) 36(139):355-60
Fromm G., et al Trigeminal Neuralgia. Current concepts regarding etiology and pathogenisis Arch Neurol 1984;41: 1204-7
Feldges A Heesen J Nau HE Schettler D Odontogenic brain abscess. 2 case reports Der odontogene Hirnabszess. 2 Fallberichte. Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (1990 Jul-Aug) 14(4):297-300 Frequently the bacteria found by aspiration of the brain abscess are the only indication of a dental focus.
Gallagher DM Erickson K Hollin SA Fatal brain abscess following periodontal therapy: a case report. Mt Sinai J Med (1981 Mar-Apr) 48(2):158-60
Goscinski I Stachura K Uhl H Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus Zakrzep zatoki jamistej. Neurol Neurochir Pol (1991 May-Jun) 25(3):386-9
Glonti TI Malashkiia IuA Chkhikvishvili TsSh On the role of chronic odontogenic infection in the genesis of neurologic disorders Klin Med (Mosk) (1968 Jan) 46(1):112-5
Gray RL Peripheral facial nerve paralysis of dental origin. Br J Oral Surg (1978 Nov) 16(2):143-50
Gobel S., Bink J., degenerative changes in primary trigeminal axons and in neurons in nucleus caudalis following tooth pulp extirpation in the cat., : Brain Res. 1977;132:347-54
Guerin JM Laurent C Manet P Segrestaa JM Facial cellulitis and septic thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus of dental origin Rev Med Interne (1987 Sep-Oct) 8(4):416-8
Hamlyn JF Acute hemiplegia in childhood following a dental abscess. Br J Oral Surg (1978 Nov) 16(2):151-5
Hedstrom SA Nord CE Ursing B Chronic meningitis in patients with dental infections. Scand J Infect Dis (1980) 12(2):117-21
Henig EF Derschowitz T Shalit M Toledo E Tikva P Aviv T Brain abcess following dental infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1978 Jun) 45(6):955-8
Hollin SA Hayashi H Gross SW Intracranial abscesses of odontogenic origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1967 Mar) 23(3):277-93
Ingham HR Kalbag RM Tharagonnet D High AS Sengupta RP Selkon JB Abscesses of the frontal lobe of the brain secondary to covert dental sepsis. Lancet (1978 Sep 2) 2(8088):497-9
King R. Interaction of noxious and nonnoxious stimuli in primary sensory nuclei Adv Neurol 1974; 4:659-63
Larkin EB Scott SD Metastatic paraspinal abscess and paraplegia secondary to dental extraction. Br Dent J (1994 Nov 5) 177(9):340-2
Lewandowski L Serafinowska A [Peripheral facial nerve palsy caused by focal dental infection] Czas Stomatol (1970 Dec) 23(12):1357-60
Lutsik LA Streptococcal chroniosepsis complicated by meningoencephalitis with a fatal outcome Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1979 Nov-Dec) 58(6):55-6
Martinez Garcia W Aleman Lopez ST Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of dental origin. Case report Divulg Cult Odontol (1971 Sep-Oct)(171):25-7
Marks PV Patel KS Mee EW Multiple brain abscesses secondary to dental caries and severe periodontal disease. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1988 Jun) 26(3):244-7
Mojseowicz K Czerwinski F Linnik-Kabat A Intracranial complications as a consequence of purulent acute inflammatory processes on the face and in the oral cavity Czas Stomatol (1971 Jun) 24(6):623-7
Montejo M Aguirrebengoe K Streptococcus oralis meningitis after dental manipulation [letter] Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (1998 Feb) 85(2):126-7
Mucke L Clinical management of neuropathic pain Neurol clin 1987;5:649-63
Mukharinskaia VS Antadze ZI Devidze NV Emchenko VT Nodiia EI Neurological complications in chronic suppurative odontogenic infection Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1981) 60(4):22-3
Ogundiya DA Keith DA Mirowski J Cavernous sinus thrombosis and blindness as complications of an odontogenic infection: report of a case and review of literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1989 Dec) 47(12):1317-21
Perna E Liguori R Petrone G Mannarino E Actinomycotic granuloma of the Gasserian ganglion with primary site in a dental root. Case report. J Neurosurg (1981 Apr) 54(4):553-5
Pompians-Miniac L [Apropos of 2 cases of endocranial abscesses of dental origin. Propagation by venous route of apical infection] Rev Fr Odontostomatol (1966 Jun-Jul) 13(6):1161-76
Renton TF Danks J Rosenfeld JV Cerebral abscess complicating dental treatment. Case report and review of the literature. Aust Dent J (1996 Feb) 41(1):12-5
Ries P Turk R [Histopathologic changes in bone marrow and in dental pulp in patients with trigeminal neuralgia] Dtsch Z Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir (1984 Jul-Aug) 8(4):301-4
Ruzin GP Zakharov IuS Bolgov DF A case of odontogenic osteomyelitis of the maxilla complicated by meningitis Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1974 Sep-Oct) 53(5):87-8
Saal CJ Mason JC Cheuk SL Hill MK Brain abscess from chronic odontogenic cause: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc (1988 Sep) 117(3):453-5
Selby G., Diseases of the fifth cranial nerve. In Dyke PJ., Thomas PK., Peripheral Neuropathy. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders 1984;1224-65
Schotland C Stula D Levy A Spiessl B Brain abscess after odontogenic infection SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd (1979 Apr) 89(4):325-9
Stevenson GW Gossman HH Dental and intracranial actinomycosis. Br J Surg (1968 Nov) 55(11):830-4
Strauss SI Stern NS Mendelow H Spatz SS Septic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after oral surgery. J Oral Surg (1973 Jul) 31(7):560-5
Struzak-Wysokinska M [Peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve caused by peridental foci] Czas Stomatol (1967 Mar) 20(3):283-8
Taicher S Garfunkel A Feinsod M Reversible cavernous sinus involvement due to minor dental infection. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1978 Jul) 46(1):7-9
Tassarotti B A case of spheno-palatine ganglionic syndrome of dental origin Rass Int Stomatol Prat (1969 Sep-Oct) 20(5):307-13
Unteanu G Solacolu VI Problems concerning the etiopathogenesis of bronchopulmonary suppurations Pneumoftiziol (1976 Jan-Mar) 25(1-2):23-6
Urbani G Ferronato G Bertele GP Trigeminal neuralgia with chronic infection due to the presence of a large root fragment in the mandibular canal G Stomatol Ortognatodonzia (1982 Jul-Sep) 1(2):17-20
Urmosi J Wittmann K Tamus I Successful treatment of thrombophlebitis of the sinus cavernosus originating from a cuspid Orv Hetil (1972 Mar 26) 113(13):766-8
Urmosi J Thrombophlebitis of the sinus cavernosus: Stomatol DDR (1975 Nov) 25(11):776-8
Uppgaard RO Tic douloureux–multicauses include dental origin. Northwest Dent (1968 Sep-Oct) 47(5):273-7
Vitzthum HE Erle A Lambrecht R Intracranial complications induced by odontogenic pyogenic infections Stomatol DDR (1985 Nov) 35(11):637-42
Valachovic R Hargreaves JA Dental implications of brain abscess in children with congenital heart disease. Case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1979 Dec) 48(6):495-500
Westrum LE., Canfield RC., Black R., Transganglionic Degeneration in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following the removal of tooth pulps in adult cats. Brain Res 1976; 6:100:137-40
Westrum LE., Canfield RC., Electron microscopy of degenerating axons and terminals in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after tooth pulp exterpation. Am J Anat. 1977; 149:591-6
Yun MW Hwang CF Lui CC Cavernous sinus thrombosis following odontogenic and cervicofacial infection. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol (1991) 248(7):422-4
Zachariades N Vairaktaris E Mezitis M Triantafyllou D Papavassiliou D Cerebral abscess and meningitis complicated by residual mandibular ankylosis. A study of the routes that spread the infection. J Oral Med (1986 Jan-Mar) 41(1):14-20
Morse DR Infection-related mental and inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia: literature review and presentation of two cases. J Endod (1997 Jul) 23(7):457-60

Trigeminal neuralgia

Bayer D. et al Trigeminal Neuralgia an overview. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 1979:48:393-9
Fromm G., et al Trigeminal Neuralgia. Current concepts regarding etiology and pathogenisis Arch Neurol 1984;41: 1204-7
King R. Interaction of noxious and nonnoxious stimuli in primary sensory nuclei Adv Neurol 1974; 4:659-63
Mucke L Clinical management of neuropathic pain Neurol clin 1987;5:649-63
Selby G., Diseases of the fifth cranial nerve. In Dyke PJ., Thomas PK., Peripheral Neuropathy. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders 1984;1224-65

Opthalmic – Eyes

Artis JP Artis M Bowyer M Durivaux S On uveitis of dental origin. On 200 cases Inf Dent (1979 Feb 1) 61(5):325-30
Boyer R Fourel J Martin R Barkat A Eye manifestations of dental origin Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) (1966 Dec) 76:455-68
Bermanowa G Pietrowa N Lalek A Bujalska H [Dental focal infection in eye diseases (preliminary report)] Czas Stomatol (1969 Oct) 22(10):923-6
Bocca M Zombolo L Coscia D Moniaci D The correlation between dental pathology and ophthalmic pathology Minerva Stomatol (1989 Oct) 38(10):1117-20
Cordier J Vexler C Watrin E Barisain P Ocular inflammation of dental origin Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr (1965 Mar) 65(3):221-2
Francois J Van Oye R Eye diseases and odontologic affections Rev Belge Med Dent (1968) 23(2):129-37
Harris M Dental infection and the eyes. Dent Health (London) (1966 Jul-Sep) 5(3):47-50
Harris M Dental infection and the eyes. Pak Dent Rev (1968 Jul) 18(3):107-11
Krudysz J Baranowa A Rare case of ocular complications of dental origin Klin Oczna (1970) 40(3):411-4
Ivanov I Maxillary sinuisitis and orbit phlegmon from dental origin Maksilaren sinuit i flegmon na orbitata. Stomatologiia (Sofiia) (1973 Oct-Nov) 55(6):467-70
May DR Peyman GA Raichand M Friedman E Metastatic Peptostreptococcus intermedius endophthalmitis after a dental procedure. Am J Ophthalmol (1978 May) 85(5 Pt 1):662-5
Murphy NC Mahar PJ Fair R Uveitis and its relation to periapical-periodontal infection. Ohio Dent J (1979 Sep) 53(9):24-5
Niho M 2 cases of rhinogenic retrobulbar optic neuritis and a case of odontogenic retrobulbar optic neuritis with abducent palsy Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho (1972 Jul) 75(7):783-99
Nemetz U Ophthalmology and focal infections Osterr Z Stomatol (1974 Nov) 71(11):414-5
Papakonstantinou A Papakonstantinou P [Dental focal infections and optic neuritis] Stomatol Chron (Athenai) (1969 Sep-Oct) 13(5):185-91
Rousselie F Eye infections of dental origin Ligament (1978) 16(129):15-7
Rubin et al Oral Surg 1976 Vol 41 No 1 Abscess involving the left eye that originated as a dental abscess
Ruban JM Breton P Cognion M Freidel M [A conjunctival tumor of dental origin. Apropos of a case] Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1991) 92(4):262-4
Sela M Sharav Y The dental focal infection as an origin for uveitis. Isr J Dent Med (1975 Jan) 24:31-5
Stone A Straitigos GT Mandibular odontogenic infection with serious complications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1979 May) 47(5):395-400
Szak O Belan J Endogenous uveitis in 4-year-material of the Eye Clinic in Bratislava] Cesk Oftalmol (1967 May) 23(3):163-7
Soofi MA The tooth and the eye. Pak Dent Rev (1968 Apr) 18(2):73-5
Takahashi T A case of retrobulbar neuritis with long-term remission Nippon Ganka Kiyo (1967 Feb) 18(2):169-73
Yates C Monks A Orbital cellulitis complicating the extraction of infected teeth. J Dent (1978 Sep) 6(3):229-32
Zoltan N Gyula M Odontogenic orbital phlegmon Orv Hetil (1976 DEC 5) 117(49):2995-6
Ngeow WC Orbital cellulitis as a sole symptom of odontogenic infection. Singapore Med J (1999 Feb) 40(2):101-3

Blood & Blood Vessels

Carter TB Blankstein KC White RP Jr Severe odontogenic infection associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Gen Dent (1992 Sep-Oct) 40(5):428-31
Fleischhacker H Stacher A On the effect of dental focal infection on the course of hematologic diseases Osterr Z Stomatol (1969 Jun) 66(6):210-4
Marculescu A Ursuleac S Pralea E Anghel I Vascular diseases of the posterior pole caused by focal infections Rev Chir [Oftalmol] (1978 Oct-Dec) 22(4):301-2
Madeira AA Lopes GV Study of the hematological changes in thirty patients with chronic dental infection, before and after surgical treatment (author’s transl) Arq Cent Estud Fac Odontol UFMG (Belo Horiz) (1976 Jan-Dec) 13(1-2):177-88
Marini R Succo M Modica F Focal infection in dentistry: the in vitro specific lymphocyte blast test Minerva Stomatol (1991 Nov) 40(11):689-94
Salgarelli A Morana G Beltramello A Nocini PF Pseudoaneurysm of the lingual artery: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1997 Aug) 55(8):860-4
Shurin SB Socransky SS Sweeney E Stossel TP A neutrophil disorder induced by capnocytophaga, a dental micro- organism. N Engl J Med (1979 Oct 18) 301(16):849-54
Stypulkowski C Lagan W Stypulkowska J Chronic focal oral infection as a factor causing the appearence of hemorrhagic hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom Pol Tyg Lek (1965 May 17) 20(20):734-5
Shaker MA Level of plasma proteins in patients with severe odontogenic infection and fever. Egypt Dent J (1995 Apr) 41(2):1189-94

Immune

N. Tani et al J. Endo 18:2 1992
Siskin M Oral Surg. 1977 Vol 43 No 3
Kaliuzhnaia RA The role of toxicosis in the development of sensitization and allergic conditions in children and adolescents Pediatriia (1967 Oct) 46(10):9-14
Oral Surg. 1977 Vol 43 No 3 Immune Reaction Induction of Monocyte migration, interlukin 1 production, mitogenic response of lymphocytes, mitogenisis in B lymphocytes.

ENT

Andriutsa VI Ketrar’ GI Kuria VI Odontogenic peritonsillar abscess complicated by parapharyngeal abscess, thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and cavernous sinus, and sepsis Vestn Otorinolaringol (1977 May-Jun)(3):101-2
Bertrand JC Couly G Peret R Oro-pharyngeal infections due to anaerobic bacteria Infections oro-pharyngees a germes anaerobies Rev Prat (1977 Jan 11) 27(3):155-61
English WJ 2d Kaiser AB Lethal toothache: parapharyngeal cellulitis complicating dental infection. South Med J (1979 Jun) 72(6):687-9, 692
Valdazo A Peripharyngeal abscesses: various observations apropos of 2 recent observations Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) (1978 May-Jun) 99(5-6):361-8

Neck

Bianchi MA Rosenberg SL Murphy JB Cervical necrosis and sinus tract formation secondary to a dentoalveolar infection: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1986 Nov) 44(11):894-6
Chidzonga MM Necrotizing fasciitis of the cervical region in an AIDS patient: report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1996 May) 54(5):638-40
De Backer T Bossuyt M Schoenaers J Management of necrotizing fasciitis in the neck. J Craniomaxillofac Surg (1996 Dec) 24(6):366-71
Y Himelfarb MZ Zikk D Bloom J Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1991 Jul) 72(1):15-8
Janicke S Kettner R Kuffner HD A possible inflammatory reaction in a lateral neck cyst (branchial cyst) because of odontogenic infection. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1994 Dec) 23(6 Pt 1):369-71
McAndrew PG Davies SJ Griffiths RW Necrotising fasciitis caused by dental infection. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1987 Aug) 25(4):314-22
Mruthyunjaya B Necrotizing faciitis: report of case. J Oral Surg (1981 Jan) 39(1):60-2
Roberson JB Harper JL Jauch EC Mortality associated with cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (1996 Sep) 82(3):264-7
Reyford H Boufflers E Baralle MM Telion C Guermouche T Menu H Krivosic-Horber R [Cervicofacial cellulitis of dental origin and tracheal intubation] Cellulites cervico-faciales d’origine dentaire et intubation tracheale. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim (1995) 14(3):256-60
Sakaguchi M Sato S Ishiyama T Katsuno S Taguchi K Characterization and management of deep neck infections. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1997 Apr) 26(2):131-4
Scheffer P Ouazzani A Esteban J Lerondeau JC Serious cervicofacial infections of dental origin Infections graves cervico-faciales d’origine dentaire. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1989) 90(2):115-8
Stoykewych AA Beecroft WA Cogan AG Fatal necrotizing fasciitis of dental origin. J Can Dent Assoc (1992 Jan) 58(1):59-62
Schroeder DC Sarha ED Hendrickson DA Healey KM Severe infections of the head and neck resulting from gas-forming organisms: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc (1987 Jan) 114(1):65-8
Tasar F Tumer C Yulug N Bayik S Cervicofacial actinomycosis (a case report). J Marmara Univ Dent Fac (1994 Sep) 2(1):389-91
Unkel JH McKibben DH Fenton SJ Nazif MM Moursi A Schuit K Comparison of odontogenic and nonodontogenic facial cellulitis in a pediatric hospital population. Pediatr Dent (1997 Nov-Dec) 19(8):476-9
Virolainen E Haapaniemi J Aitasalo K Suonpaa J Deep neck infections. Int J Oral Surg (1979 Dec) 8(6):407-11

SINUS

193. Abrahams JJ Glassberg RM Dental disease: a frequently unrecognized cause of maxillary sinus abnormalities? AJR Am J Roentgenol (1996 May) 166(5):1219-23
Asiedu WA Calais P Diagnosis and therapy of odontogenous diseases of the maxillary sinus Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir (1976) 21:80-1
Azimov M Ermakova FB [Role of focal odontogenic infection in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis (experimental study)] Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1978 Jan-Feb) 57(1):11-4
Bertrand B Rombaux P Eloy P Reychler H Sinusitis of dental origin. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg (1997) 51(4):315-22
Chikhani L Dupont B Guilbert F Improvisi L Corre A Bertrand JC [Uncommon fungal maxillary sinusitis of dental origin due to Scedosporium prolificans] Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1995) 96(2):66-9
Esposito S [Maxillary sinusitis of dental origin] Rass Int Clin Ter (1970 Jan 15) 50(1):39-45
Guglani L Maxillary sinusitis due to dental infection. Newsl Int Coll Dent India Sect (1970 Sep) 7(3):15
Garbarino R Valente S Barbieri M Odontogenic sinusitis with cutaneous fistulization. A case report Minerva Stomatol (1995 Jun) 44(6):319-23
Guglani L Maxillary sinusitis due to dental infection. Newsl Int Coll Dent India Sect (1970 Sep) 7(3):15
Halstead CL Mucosal cysts of the maxillary sinus: report of 75 cases. J Am Dent Assoc (1973 Dec) 87(7):1435-41
Ivankievicz D Schumacher GH Ethmoidal complications following maxillary inflammations of dental origin. Dent Mag Oral Top (1968 Jun) 85(3):111-4
Maloney PL Doku HC Maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin. J Can Dent Assoc (1968 Nov) 34(11):591-603
Nortje CJ Farman AG de V Joubert JJ Pathological conditions involving the maxillary sinus: their appearance on panoramic dental radiographs. Br J Oral Surg (1979 Jul) 17(1):27-32
Neupokoev NI Neupokoeva NV Periapical cyst of the maxillary teeth as a cause of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1991 May-Jun) 70(3):62-3
Politi M Rossetti G Consolo U Nocini PF Fugazzola C Odontogenic sinusitis. An evaluation and the radiologic checkup protocol after a Caldwell-Luc intervention Minerva Stomatol (1990 Feb) 39(2):119-22
Selden HS The endo-antral syndrome: an endodontic complication. J Am Dent Assoc (1989 Sep) 119(3):397-8, 401-2
Smith D Goycoolea M Meyerhoff WL Fulminant odontogenic sinusitis. Ear Nose Throat J (1979 Oct) 58(10):411-2
Samant A Malik CP Chhabra SK Tewari A Bilateral facial sinus of odontogenic origin. J Indian Dent Assoc (1975 Oct) 47(10):417-21
Strauss SI Stern NS Mendelow H Spatz SS Septic superior sagittal sinus thrombosis after oral surgery. J Oral Surg (1973 Jul) 31(7):560-5
Stefaniu A Czausescu V Popescu N Romascanu G Ceausescu A Orbito-ocular and meningoencephalic complications in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Otorinolaringol (1982 Jan-Mar) 27(1):59-64
Urmosi J Wittmann K Tamus I Successful treatment of thrombophlebitis of the sinus cavernosus originating from a cuspid Orv Hetil (1972 Mar 26) 113(13):766-8
Yamazaki Y Shimada K Sakuma M Kawashima Y Kobayashi H Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis: with special reference to surgical therapy Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho (1972 Oct) 75(10):1125-6

Multiple Sclerosis & Sinusitis

Russo MG Waxman J Abdoh AA Serebro LH Correlation between infection and the onset of the giant cell (temporal) arteritis syndrome. A trigger mechanism? Arthritis Rheum (1995 Mar) 38(3):374-80
Callaghan TS Multiple sclerosis and sinusitis [letter] Lancet (1986 Jul 19) 2(8499):160-1
Jones RL Crowe P Chavda SV Pahor AL The incidence of sinusitis in patients with multiple sclerosis. Rhinology (1997 Sep) 35(3):118-9
Steiner G J Neuropath. 1952;11:343-72 Multiple Sclerosis “sinus mucosa may become repeatedly infected from diseased teeth, gums and tonsils”
Gay D et al Lancet 1986 Is Multiple Sclerosis caused by an Oral Spirochaete?
Gay D et al Lancet 1986;i:815-19 Multiple Sclerosis associated with Sinusitis; case controlled study in general practice.

Septicemia

Bridgeman A Wiesenfeld D Hellyar A Sheldon W Major maxillofacial infections. An evaluation of 107 cases. Aust Dent J (1995 Oct) 40(5):281-8
Borowsky SA Hasse A Wiedlin R Lott E Dental infection in a cirrhotic patient. Source of recurrent sepsis. Gastroenterology (1979 Apr) 76(4):836-9

A patient with alcoholic cirrhosis had multiple episodes of sepsis with Klebsiella pneumonia. Repeated searches for the source of infection finally revealed the organism in the root of a tooth. Evidence indicated that this site was the primary source of infection. The importance of dental infections in alcoholics and the difficulty in diagnosing those infections are emphasized by this case.

Dierks EJ Meyerhoff WL Schultz B Finn R Fulminant infections of odontogenic origin. Laryngoscope (1987 Mar) 97(3 Pt 1):271-4
Ghanassia R Septicemia of dental origin Inf Dent (1975 Mar 27) 57(13):29-32
Kicinski J Tooth infection as a course of puerperal sepsis Pol Tyg Lek (1971 Jul 5) 26(27):1047-8
Kirch W Duhrsen U Erythema nodosum of dental origin. Clin Investig (1992 Dec) 70(12):1073-8
Laly C Javelot-Terziev MJ Bedel C Root canal filling and microbial flora. Statistical study within the framework of remote infections Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) (1978)(123):357-74
Laine PO Lindqvist JC Pyrhonen SO Strand-Pettinen IM Teerenhovi LM Meurman JH Oral infection as a reason for febrile episodes in lymphoma patients receiving cytostatic drugs. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol (1992 Oct) 28B(2):103-7
Loesche WJ Association of the oral flora with important medical diseases. Curr Opin Periodontol (1997) 4:21-8
Marques AP Walker PO Intraoral etiology of a life-threatening infection in an immunocompromised patient: report of case. ASDC J Dent Child (1991 Nov-Dec) 58(6):492-5
Mitchell CS Nelson MD Jr Orofacial abscesses of odontogenic origin in the pediatric patient. Report of two cases. Pediatr Radiol (1993) 23(6):432-4
Navazesh M Mulligan R Systemic dissemination as a result of oral infection in individuals 50 years of age and older. Spec Care Dentist (1995 Jan-Feb) 15(1):11-9
Orlenko MA Tsymbaliuk VP Katsnel’son BM Odontogenic staphylococcus sepsis Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1975 Nov-Dec) 54(6):81-2
Pernice L Ribault JY Fourestier J Gacon J Quilichini R Aubert L Chaffanjon P Roubaudi G [Persistent fever of dental origin] : Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1990) 91 Suppl 1:137-8
Plamieniak Z Medras M Man W 2 cases of odontogenic septicemia with atypical clinical course Czas Stomatol (1977 Nov) 30(11):947-50
Thoden van Velzen SK Abraham-Inpijn L Moorer WR Plaque and systemic disease: a reappraisal of the focal infection concept. J Clin Periodontol (1984 Apr) 11(4):209-20

Fever

Berry E Silver J Pyorrhoea as cause of pyrexia. Br Med J (1976 Nov 27) 2(6047):1289-90
Hyjek K Mateja W [Rare case of odontogenic subscleral empyema] Czas Stomatol (1966 Mar) 19(3):333-6
Levinson SL Barondess JA Occult dental infection as a cause of fever of obscure origin. Am J Med (1979 Mar) 66(3):463-7
Shinoda T Mizutani H Kaneda T Suzuki M Fever of unknown origin caused by dental infection. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1987 Aug) 64(2):175-8
Urmosi J [Clinical and laboratory data supporting the possible relationship between dental foci and erythema exudativum multiforme] Fogorv Sz (1974 Nov) 67(11):342-7

Shock

Donoff RB Guralnick W Shock due to odontogenic infection: report of case. J Oral Surg (1977 Jul) 35(7):569-72
Egbert GW Simmons AK Graham LL Toxic shock syndrome: odontogenic origin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1987 Feb) 63(2):167-71
Quinn P Guernsey LH The presentation and complications of odontogenic septic shock. Report of a case. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1985 Apr) 59(4):336-9

Death

Currie WJ Ho V An unexpected death associated with an acute dentoalveolar abscess– report of a case. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1993 Oct) 31(5):296-8
Gotte P Death after a dental infection Minerva Stomatol (1979 Jul-Sep) 28(3):241-3
Ocampo Flores P Limon Mejia AL Bustillos Lucas J Silva Sanchez V Death from generalized sepsis of dental origin. Contribution to clinical casuistry Rev ADM (1991 Jan-Feb) 48(1):45-51

Backache

Kolb H [Spontanous remission of severe backache following oral rehabilitation] Quintessenz (1976 Apr) 27(4):35-6

Bone

Biberman IaM Clinical aspects of odontogenic osteomyelitis of the maxilla in adults Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1974 Nov-Dec) 53(6):31-4
Cathelin A Madjidi A Fleuridas G Couly G Pseudo-tumoral osteitis of the mandible in children Osteite pseudo-tumorale de la mandibule chez l’enfant. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac (1994) 95(2):109-11
McGinnis JP Keene RD Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect of the jaws–report of a case. Ark Dent J (1976 Mar) 47(1):10-11
Mauks G Toth A Teeth, causing odontogenic periostitis classification by age Fogorv Sz (1976 Aug) 69(8):330-4
Sollmann AH Mandibular angle and vertebral diseases Med Klin (1966 Jan 14) 61(2):51-4
Wang TD Chen YC Huang PJ Recurrent vertebral osteomyelitis and psoas abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus and Fusobacterium nucleatum in a patient with atrial septal defect and an occult dental infection. Scand J Infect Dis (1996) 28(3):309-10

Joint Replacement

Advisory statement. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. American Dental Association; American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. J Am Dent Assoc (1997 Jul) 128(7):1004-8
Mulligan R Late infections in patients with prostheses for total replacement of joints: implications for the dental practitioner. J Am Dent Assoc (1980 Jul) 101(1):44-6
Jacobsen PL Murray W Prophylactic coverage of dental patients with artificial joints: a retrospective analysis of thirty-three infections in hip prostheses. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1980 Aug) 50(2):130-3
Rubin R Salvati EA Lewis R Infected total hip replacement after dental procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1976 Jan) 41(1):18-23
Schurman DJ Aptekar RG Burton DS Infection in total knee joint replacement, secondary to tooth abscess. West J Med (1976 Sep) 125(3):226-7
N. Tani et al J. Endo 18:2 1992 Infected total Hip Replacement after dental procedures

Arthritis

Hess JC Victor M [Relation between rheumatology and endodontics] Ligament (1978) 16(129):19-21
Iida M Yamaguchi Y [Remission of rheumatoid arthritis following periodontal treatment. A case report] Nippon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (1985 Mar) 27(1):234-8
Janecek J [Focal infection of dental origin as the cause of a joint disease] Prakt Zubn Lek (1987 Mar) 35(2):47-9
Morer G [Letter: Arthritis of the knee healed after dental avulsion] Arthrites du genou gueries apres vulsion dentaire Nouv Presse Med (1975 Oct 4) 4(32):2338
Morer G Arthritis of the knee due to dental origin Chirurgie (1977) 103(9):815-8
Moses JJ Lange CR Arredondo A Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint after the removal of third molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1998 Apr) 56(4):510-2
Roslawski A [Role of infectious foci in ethiopathogenesis of chronic rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis] Wiad Lek (1972 Feb 1) 25(3):247-50
Shimizu K Toyota Y Koh T Ishikawa M Hirose Y [A case of rheumatoid arthritis caused by focal infection from periodontal tissue (author’s transl)] Josai Shika Daigaku Kiyo (1977)(6):421-4
Wallace DE Chronic periodontitis and a chronic swelling of the right index finger. J N Z Soc Periodontol (1991 May)(71):15

Skin

Cepicka W Tielsch R [Focal infections and Psoriasis vulgaris] Dermatol Wochenschr (1967 Feb 25) 153(8):193-9
Perovic J Piscevic A Chronic subcutaneous abscesses of dental origin Stomatol Glas Srb (1971 Aug-Oct) 18(4):233-5
Kaban LB Draining skin lesions of dental origin: the path of spread of chronic odontogenic infection.: Plast Reconstr Surg (1980 Nov) 66(5):711-7

Alopecia

Neceva LJ Lazareva B [Focal effect of diseased deciduous teeth in Alopecia areata] Acta Stomatol Croat (1970) 5(2):110-4
Zivkovic S Endodontic treatment in the therapy of alopecia areata Stomatol Glas Srb (1990 Jun) 37(3):299-305]

Lupus & Connective Tissue

Arellano Ocampo F Rojas Rodriguez J Rosales Perez S Perez MA Ramales E Systemic lupus erythematosus (presentation of a case) Lupus eritematoso sistemico (presentacion de un caso). Alergia (1977 Jul) 24(3):149-58
Bruszt P Vegh T Incidence of facial fistulae of dental origin in ambulatory patients of a dental clinic Orv Hetil (1978 Feb 12) 119(7):405-7
Heilelman JF Dirlam JH Severe cellulitis of dental origin with gas-producing bacteria. J Indiana Dent Assoc (1982 May-Jun) 61(3):11-3
Roser SM Chow AW Brady FA Necrotizing fasciitis. J Oral Surg (1977 Sep) 35(9):730-2
Samant A Malik CP Chhabra SK Tewari A Bilateral facial sinus of odontogenic origin. J Indian Dent Assoc (1975 Oct) 47(10):417-21
Sinclair RJ Oral infection in connective tissue disease. J Br Endod Soc (1967 Spring) 1(1):13-4

Splenic abscess

Abu-Dallo KI Manny Y Penchas S Eyal Z Clinical manifestations of splenic abscess. Arch Surg (1975 Mar) 110(3):281-3

Leg Abscess

Dugois P Amblard P Gagnaire J Imbert R [Leg abscesses in stages after phlebosclerosus: complication of a septicemia of dental origin] Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr (1968) 75(4):518-20

Cancer

Plohberger HM Cancer and focal infection Osterr Z Stomatol (1974 Apr) 71(4):138-41(Published in German)

Brain Cancer

Perna E et al. “Actinomycotic Granuloma of the Gasserian Ganglion with primary site in a dental root” J of Neurosurg 54 (1981) 553-555

Demyelination of Gasserian Ganglion

Black R., laboratory model for Trigeminal Neuralgia. Adv. Neuro.1974; 4:651-8
Westrum LE., Canfield RC., Black R., Transganglionic Degeneration in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following the removal of tooth pulps in adult cats. Brain Res 1976; 6:100:137-40
Westrum LE., Canfield RC., Electron microscopy of degenerating axons and terminals in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after tooth pulp exterpation. Am J Anat. 1977; 149:591-6
Gobel S., Bink J., degenerative changes in primary trigeminal axons and in neurons in nucleus caudalis following tooth pulp extirpation in the cat., Brain Res. 977;132:347-54

Kidney

Sowell SB Dental care for patients with renal failure and renal transplants. J Am Dent Assoc (1982 Feb) 104(2):171-7
Suc JM Renal glomerulus, site of focal infection Ligament (1978) 16(129):23-4

Abdomen

Peterson CM Theander C Tooth infection spreading to the abdominal cavity Lakartidningen (1986 Feb 5) 83(6):412-3

Prostate / Infertility

Bieniek KW Riedel HH Diseases of the masticatory system as possible causal factors in infertility ZWR (1989 Oct) 98(10):850, 852, 854
Linossier A Thumann A Bustos-Obregon E Sperm immobilization by dental focus microorganisms. Andrologia (1982 May-Jun) 14(3):250-5
Rose JF Jr The prostate and dental infections. Pa Dent J (Harrisb) (1968 Apr) 35(4):84-7

Periodontal Disease Relationships

J Periodontol 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1123-1137 Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. It is
J Periodontol 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1138-1142 Effects of oral flora on platelets: possible consequences in cardiovascular disease. Herzberg MC, Meyer MW
J Periodontol 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1114-1122 Relationships between periodontal disease and bacterial pneumonia. Scannapieco FA, Mylotte JM.
Offenbacher S, Katz V, Fertik G, Collins J, Boyd D, Maynor G, McKaig R, Beck J Department of Periodontics,J Periodontol 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1103-1113 Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. Balcheva E Dzherasi E The incidence of active periodontal foci in focal infections Nauchni Tr Nauchnoizsled Stomatol Inst (Sofiia) (1969) 13:21-3
Sallum AW do Nascimento A de Souza CA Periodontal infection and disease as potential factors affecting the patients health Bol Fac Odontol Piracicaba (1974) 75:1-12
George W. Brian A, et al. Severe Periodontitis and Risk for poor Glycemic Control in patients with Non-Insulin Dependant Diabetes Mellitus J. Periodontol Oct 1996
Mark E et al Exploratory Case Controll Analysis of Psychosocial Factors and Adult Periodontitis J. Periodontol Oct 1996
Daniel MA et al Alterations in Phagocyte Function and Periodontal Infection J. Periodontol Oct 1996
Genco R Current View of Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease; J. Periodontol Oct 1996
Sara G et al Response to Periodontal Therapy in Diabetics and Smokers J. Periodontol Oct 1996

Ludwig’s Angina

Esquivel Bonilla D Huerta Ayala S Molina Moguel JL [Report of 16 cases of Ludwig’s angina: 5-year review] Pract Odontol (1991 Apr) 12(4):23-4, 28
Iwu CO Ludwig’s angina: report of seven cases and review of current concepts in management. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1990 Jun) 28(3):189-93
Merino Galvez E Gil Melgarejo JA Hellin Meseguer D Pelegrin Pelegrin F A classic case of Ludwig’s angina Un caso clasico de angina de Ludwig. An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am (1991) 18(5):433-8
Mounier-Kuhn P Gaillard J Bernard P Boulud B Severe Ludwig’s angina JFORL J Fr Otorhinolaryngol Audiophonol Chir Maxillofac (1972 Apr) 21(4):349-50
Saadi C “Ludwig’s angina” (diffuse and gangrenous in inflammation of the floor of the mouth Hospital (Rio J) (1968 Jul) 74(1):213-9
Strauss HR Tilghman DM Hankins J Ludwig angina, empyema, pulmonary infiltration, and pericarditis secondary to extraction of a tooth. J Oral Surg (1980 Mar) 38(3):223-9

Osteitis

Ratner EJ Langer B Evins ML Alveolar cavitational osteopathosis. Manifestations of an infectious process and its implication in the causation of chronic pain [published erratum appears in J Periodontol 1987 Feb;58(2):77] J Periodontol (1986 Oct) 57(10):593-603
Ruzin GP Zakharov IuS Bolgov DF A case of odontogenic osteomyelitis of the maxilla complicated by meningitis Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1974 Sep-Oct) 53(5):87-8
Schuh E Residual osteitis in the edentulous jaw as a focus possibility Therapiewoche (1965 Dec) 15(23):1246-9
Schuh E Residual osteitis in the edentulous jaw and general diseases Osterr Z Stomatol (1966 Feb) 63(2):52-9.

TB

Avdonina LI Gedymin LE Erokhin VV [Intra-dental route of experimental tuberculosis infection] Probl Tuberk (1991)(10):79-83
Gambetti G Gelli G [On a case of tuberculous adenopathy possibly of primary odontogenic infection] Mondo Odontostomatol (1966) 8(1):47-51
Mediastinitis from odontogenic infection. A case report. Pappa H Jones DC Br Dent J (2005 May 14) 198(9):547-8
Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with joint prostheses – still a dilemma for dental practitioners. Seymour RA Whitworth JM Martin M Br Dent J (2003 Jun 28) 194(12):649-53
Mortality associated with odontogenic infection! Green AW Flower EA New NE Br Dent J (2001 May 26) 190(10):529-30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia from an oral source. Gosney MA Preston AJ Corkhill J Millns B Martin MV Br Dent J (1999 Dec 25) 187(12):639-40
Odontogenic infection and pachymeningitis of the cavernous sinus. Jose A Nagori SA Bhutia O Roychoudhury A Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2014 Jul) 52(6):e27-9
Septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus and dental infection. Colbert S Cameron M Williams J Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2011 Sep) 49(6):e25-6
Microbiology of odontogenic infections in deep neck spaces: a retrospective study. Al-Qamachi LH Aga H McMahon J Leanord A Hammersley N Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2010 Jan) 48(1):37-9
Chronic temporal abscess resulting from a periapical abscess of the upper right first molar. Ertas U Yalcin E Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2009 Jun) 47(4):332-3
An unusual presentation of a tooth related cervico-facial abscess. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2009 Apr) 47(3):253
Orbital abscess after extraction of a maxillary wisdom tooth. Sakkas N Schoen R Schmelzeisen R Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2007 Apr) 45(3):245-6
Brain abscess in which Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Iida Y Honda K Suzuki T Matsukawa S Kawai T Shimahara T Chiba H Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2004 Apr) 42(2):180
Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Ndukwe KC Fatusi OA Ugboko VI Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2002 Feb) 40(1):64-7
Necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin in Ibadan, Nigeria. Obiechina AE Arotiba JT Fasola AO Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2001 Apr) 39(2):122-6
Postanginal septicaemia with external jugular venous thrombosis: case report. Schwartz HC Nguyen DC Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1999 Apr) 37(2):144-6
Potentially life-threatening neck abscesses: therapeutic management under CT-guided drainage. Thanos L Mylona S Kalioras V Pomoni M Batakis N : Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol (2005 Mar-Apr) 28(2):196-9
Septic pulmonary embolism associated with periodontal disease: reports of two cases and review of the literature. Shiota Y Arikita H Horita N Hiyama J Ono T Ohkawa S Yamakido M Chest (2002 Feb) 121(2):652-4
Subdural empyema secondary to odontogenic masticator space abscess: detection by indium-111-labeled white cell scan. Shotelersuk V Goyal M Rauchenstein JN Konez O Clin Imaging (2001 Jan-Feb) 25(1):18-22
The role of unfinished root canal treatment in odontogenic maxillofacial infections requiring hospital care. Lemberg KK Rautemaa-Richardson R Clin Oral Investig (2013 Jan) 17(1):113-21
Necessity of surgical dental foci treatment prior to organ transplantation and heart valve replacement. Rustemeyer J Bremerich A Clin Oral Investig (2007 Jun) 11(2):171-4
Roots of the maxillary first and second molars in horizontal relation to alveolar cortical plates and maxillary sinus: computed tomography assessment for infection spread. Ariji Y Obayashi N Goto M Izumi M Naitoh M Kurita K Shimozato K Ariji E Clin Oral Investig (2006 Mar) 10(1):35-41 The floor of maxillary sinus was most frequently observed at the level between the bifurcation and apices of roots in both first and second molars Mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus was found in 87.8%.
Cardiovascular disease and periodontal diseases: commonality and causation. Dave S Batista EL Van Dyke TE Compend Contin Educ Dent (2004 Jul) 25(7 Suppl 1):26-37
Strength of evidence linking oral conditions and systemic disease. Joshipura K Ritchie C Douglass C Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl (2000)(30):12-23; quiz 65
Oral health, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Meurman JH Sanz M Janket SJ Crit Rev Oral Biol Med (2004) 15(6):403-13 of CVD by releasing cytokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP], tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) that may initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions and cause endothelial damage and facilitate cholesterol plaque attachment.
Odontogenic sinusitis: developments in diagnosis, microbiology, and treatment. Workman AD Granquist EJ Adappa ND Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2018 Feb) 26(1):27-33
Odontogenic sinusitis: an ancient but under-appreciated cause of maxillary sinusitis. Patel NA Ferguson BJ Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2012 Feb) 20(1):24-8
Better oral health for better systemic health. Sheets C Paquette J Wu JC Dent Today (2009 May) 28(5):88, 90-3
Atypical fulminating dental infections. Mohammed-Ali RI McGurk M Dent Update (2008 Jul-Aug) 35(6):420-4
Severe necrotizing fasciitis complicating odontogenic nfection: a case report. Heath N Macleod I Chippindale A Greenwood M Ripley C Dent Update (2008 Jun) 35(5):353-5
Corneal allograft reaction associated with nonocular inflammation. Vora GK Ciolino JB Digit J Ophthalmol (2014) 20(2):29-31
Microbial flora and antibiotic resistance in odontogenic abscesses in Upstate New York. Plum AW Mortelliti AJ Walsh RE Ear Nose Throat J (2018 Jan-Feb) 97(1-2):E27-E31
Fatal descending necrotising mediastinitis. Bulut M Balci V Akkose S Armagan E Emerg Med J (2004 Jan) 21(1):122-3
Brain abscesses caused by oral infection. Li X Tronstad L Olsen I Endod Dent Traumatol (1999 Jun) 15(3):95-101
Maxillary sinusitis: 1752 cases at the ear-nose-throat department of a teaching hospital in Cotonou, Benin. Yehouessi-Vignikin B Vodouhe SJ Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis (2013 Sep) 130(4):183-7
Multiple liver abscesses with isolation of Streptococcus intermedius related to a pyogenic dental infection in an immuno-competent patient. Neumayr A Kubitz R Bode JG Bilk B HÃ¤ussinger D Eur J Med Res (2010) 15:319-22
Endogenous group G Streptococcus endophthalmitis following a dental procedure. Ziakas NG Tzetzi D Boboridis K Georgiadis NS Eur J Ophthalmol (2004 Jan-Feb) 14(1):59-60
Is the observed association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis causal? Kolltveit KM Eriksen HM Eur J Oral Sci (2001 Feb) 109(1):2-7
Infections of the neck leading to descending necrotizing mediastinitis: Role of multi-detector row computed tomography. Pinto A Scaglione M Scuderi MG Tortora G Daniele S Romano L Eur J Radiol (2008 Mar) 65(3):389-94
Oral health of patients scheduled for elective abdominal aortic correction with prosthesis. Hayrinen-Immonen R Lepantalo M Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg (2000 Mar) 19(3):294-8 oral infectious foci occur frequently in patients needing aortic surgery. Untreated foci may contribute to aortic prosthesis infection.
Correlations between dental-oral infections and cardiovascular disease Martos R Marton I Fogorv Sz (2008 Jun) 101(3):101-5
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis of odontogenic origin–personal experience and literature review. Novakov IP Safev GP Peicheva SE Folia Med (Plovdiv) (2010 Jul-Sep) 52(3):13-20
Oral health and morbidity–implications of oral infections on the elderly. Meurman JH Hamalainen P Gerodontology (2006 Mar) 23(1):3-16
Odontogenic infections and descending necrotising mediastinitis: case report and review of the literature. Biasotto M Pellis T Cadenaro M Bevilacqua L Berlot G Di Lenarda R Int Dent J (2004 Apr) 54(2):97-102
General health risk of periodontal disease. Slots J Kamma JJ Int Dent J (2001 Dec) 51(6):417-27
Detection of bacterial virulence genes associated with infective endocarditis in infected root canals. Bate AL Ma JK Pitt Ford TR Int Endod J (2000 May) 33(3):194-203
Root canal treatment and general health: a review of the literature. Murray CA Saunders WP Int Endod J (2000 Jan) 33(1):1-18 bacteria recovered from the peripheral blood during root canal treatment originated in the root canal.
Unilateral facial nerve paralysis following an infected lower third molar. Al-Muharraqi MA O’Sullivan EC Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2010 Feb) 39(2):192-5
Toxic shock syndrome secondary to a dental abscess. Fardy CH Findlay G Owen G Shortland G Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg (1999 Feb) 28(1):60-1
Orbital infection arising from a primary tooth: a case report. Rosen D Ardekian L Abu el-Naaj I Fischer D Peled M Laufer D Int J Paediatr Dent (2000 Sep) 10(3):237-9
Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter. Demmer RT Desvarieux M J Am Dent Assoc (2006 Oct) 137 Suppl:14S-20S; quiz 38S
Intraorbital abscess: a rare complication after maxillary molar extraction. Stubinger S Leiggener C Sader R Kunz C J Am Dent Assoc (2005 Jul) 136(7):921-5
A rare complication of tooth abscess–Ludwig’s angina and mediastinitis. Furst IM Ersil P Caminiti M J Can Dent Assoc (2001 Jun) 67(6):324-7
Brain abscess secondary to a dental infection in an 11-year-old child: case report. Hibberd CE Nguyen TD J Can Dent Assoc (2012) 78:c49
Odontogenic subperiosteal abscess of orbit: a case report. Poon TL Lee WY Ho WS Pang KY Wong CK J Clin Neurosci (2001 Sep) 8(5):469-71
Orbital abscess arising from an odontogenic infection. Vijayan A Sreejith VP Surendran R Ahamed G J Contemp Dent Pract (2012 Sep-Oct) 13(5):740-3
Facial paralysis and mediastinitis due to odontogenic infection and
poor prognosis. Bucak A Ulu S Kokulu S Oz G Solak O Kahveci OK A J Craniofac Surg (2013 Nov) 24(6):1953-6
Odontogenic infection causing orbital cellulitis in a pediatric patient. de Assis-Costa MD Santos GS Maciel J Sonoda CK de Melo WM J Craniofac Surg (2013) 24(5):e526-9
Brain abscess of odontogenic origin. Antunes AA de Santana Santos T de Carvalho RW Avelar RL Pereira CU Pereira JC J Craniofac Surg (2011 Nov) 22(6):2363-5
Cerebral abscess of odontogenic origin. Mylonas AI Tzerbos FH Mihalaki M Rologis D Boutsikakis I J Craniomaxillofac Surg (2007 Jan) 35(1):63-7
Dental infection associated with nummular eczema as an overlooked focal infection. Tanaka T Satoh T Yokozeki H J Dermatol (2009 Aug) 36(8):462-5
Intracranial abscess secondary to dental infection. Brady P Bergin S Cryan B Flanagan O J Ir Dent Assoc (2014 Feb-Mar) 60(1):32-4
A clinico-pathologic correlation. Condensing osteitis (focal sclerosing osteomyelitis). al-Sebaei MO Kahn MA Papageorge MB J Mass Dent Soc (2003 Spring) 52(1):52-4
Stroke following dentally-induced subacute bacterial endocarditis. Reebye N Reebye U J Mass Dent Soc (2002 Winter) 50(4):56-7
Bilateral septic cavernous sinus thrombosis following the masticator and parapharyngeal space infection from the odontogenic origin: a case report. Kiddee W Preechawai P Hirunpat S J Med Assoc Thai (2010 Sep) 93(9):1107-11
Intracranial epidural abscess of odontogenic origin. Kanu OO Ukponmwan E Bankole O Olatosi JO Arigbabu SO J Neurosurg Pediatr (2011 Mar) 7(3):311-5
Actinomycotic brain abscess and subdural empyema of odontogenic origin: case report and review of the literature. Haggerty CJ Tender GC J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2012 Mar) 70(3):e210-3
Bell’s palsy and dental infection: a case report and possible etiology. Tolstunov L Belaga GA J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2010 May) 68(5):1173-8
Oral bacteremia as a cause of prosthesis failure in patients with joint replacements. Assael LA J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2009 Sep) 67(9):1789-90
Bilateral proptosis and jugular vein thrombosis after submandibular abscess. Ruskin WJ Farnad FA Wolf SM J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2009 Mar) 67(3):665-8
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin: a case report and review of 12 cases. Whitesides L Cotto-Cumba C Myers RA J Oral Maxillofac Surg (2000 Feb) 58(2):144-51; discussion 152
Multiple brain abscesses of odontogenic origin caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum Stefanikova L Freibergerova M Husa P Kerkovsky M Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek (2008 Aug) 14(4):149-53
Infected total knee replacement following a dental procedure in a severe haemophiliac. Nadlacan LM Hirst P Knee (2001 Jun) 8(2):159-61
Odontogenic infections. Complications. Systemic manifestations. Jimenez Y Bagan JV Murillo J Poveda R Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal (2004) 9 Suppl:143-7; 139-43 Dissemination by means of the bloodstream can lead to rheumatic problems and deposits on the valves of the heart
Review: Pathogen-induced inflammation at sites distant from oral infection: bacterial persistence and induction of cell-specific innate immune inflammatory pathways. Hayashi C Gudino CV Gibson FC Genco CA Mol Oral Microbiol (2010 Oct) 25(5):305-16
Necrotizing Fasciltis Case Presentation and Literature Review. Christensen L Evans H Cundick D McShane M Penna K Sadoff R N Y State Dent J (2015 Jun-Jul) 81(4):24-8
Mediastinitis secondary to an odontogenic infection. A case report. Izadi K Lazow SK Berger JR N Y State Dent J (2003 Dec) 69(10):28-30
Antibiotic prophylaxis indicated in dental procedures in patients with a joint prosthesis Wijngaarden S Kruize AA Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (2007 Jul 14) 151(28):1574
Intracranial actinomycosis in a child with dental caries Zwaveling-Soonawala N Spanjaard L van de Wetering M Winterberg DH Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (2003 Nov 29) 147(48):2386-9
Local and potential systemic consequences of endodontic root infection Wu MK Wesselink PR Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd (2005 Nov) 112(11):416-9 long-standing inflammation may have systemic effects and affect general health. Effective procedures should be developed to minimize the burden of root infection.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with joint prostheses Abraham-Inpijn L Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd (2005 Mar) 112(3):90-4
Odontogenic cervical necrotizing fasciitis, etiological aspects. Juncar M Bran S Juncar RI Baciut MF Baciut G Onisor-Gligor F Niger J Clin Pract (2016 May-Jun) 19(3):391-6
Pregnancy complicated by recurrent brain abscess after extraction of an infected tooth. Hobson DT Imudia AN Soto E Awonuga AO Obstet Gynecol (2011 Aug) 118(2 Pt 2):467-70
Septicemia of dental origin and post-extraction coma. Apropos of 3 cases Ngapeth-Etoundi M Ela GA Itoua ES Obounou A Odontostomatol Trop (2001 Jun) 24(94):19-22
Inflammatory ocular diseases associated with oro-dental pathology Ignat F Barascu D Mocanu C Calarasu C Oftalmologia (2001) 52(2):67-71
Odontogenic orbital cellulitis. Youssef OH Stefanyszyn MA Bilyk JR Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg (2008 Jan-Feb) 24(1):29-35
Are dental infections a cause of brain abscess? Case report and review of the literature. Corson MA Postlethwaite KP Seymour RA Oral Dis (2001 Jan) 7(1):61-5
Multiple brain abscess from dental origin: case report and literature review. Azenha MR Homsi G Garcia IR Oral Maxillofac Surg (2012 Dec) 16(4):393-7
Anterior chest wall abscess–an unusual complication of an odontogenic infection. Yuvaraj V Krishnan B Oral Maxillofac Surg (2010 Dec) 14(4):239-41
Do dental infections really cause central nervous system infections? Lazow SK Izzo SR Vazquez D Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am (2011 Nov) 23(4):569-78, vii
Craniocervical necrotizing fasciitis resulting from dentoalveolar infection. Brunworth J Shibuya TY Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am (2011 Aug) 23(3):425-32
Deep space neck infection: principles of surgical management. Osborn TM Assael LA Bell RB Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am (2008 Aug) 20(3):353-65
Brain abscess potentially secondary to odontogenic infection: case report. Yang J Liu SY Hossaini-Zadeh M Pogrel MA Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol (2014 Feb) 117(2):e108-11
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis associated with an infected dentigerous cyst. Bas B Ozden B Bekcioglu B Sanal K Yilmaz S Celik B Basoglu A Celenk C Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol (2012 Sep) 114(3):e15-8
Facial necrotizing fasciitis from an odontogenic infection. Yadav S Verma A Sachdeva A Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol (2012 Feb) 113(2):e1-4
Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and black-pigmented bacteroides indicate a high risk for the development of Ludwig’s angina. Patel M Chettiar TP Wadee AA Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2009 Nov) 108(5):667-72
A case of brain abscess extended from deep fascial space infection. Sakamoto H Karakida K Otsuru M Arai M Shimoda M Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2009 Sep) 108(3):e21-5
Oral bacterial cultures in nontraumatic brain abscesses: results of a first-line study. Mueller AA Saldamli B Stubinger S Walter C Fluckiger U Merlo A Schwenzer-Zimmerer K Zeilhofer HF Zimmerer S Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2009 Apr) 107(4):469-76
Orbital complications due to an acute odontogenic focus in a child. A case report. Wysluch A Maurer P Ast J Kunkel M Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2009 Jan) 107(1):e39-42
Case report: brain and liver abscesses caused by oral infection with Streptococcus intermedius. Wagner KW Schon R Schumacher M Schmelzeisen R Schulze D Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2006 Oct) 102(4):e21-3
Orbital abscess: visual loss following extraction of a tooth–case report. Zachariades N Vairaktaris E Mezitis M Rallis G Kokkinis C Moschos M Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2005 Oct) 100(4):e70-3
Necrotizing fasciitis caused by dental infection: a retrospective analysis of 9 cases and a review of the literature. Umeda M Minamikawa T Komatsubara H Shibuya Y Yokoo S Komori T Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (2003 Mar) 95(3):283-90
An unusual case of a relationship between rosacea and dental foci. Lesclous P Maman L Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod (1999 Dec) 88(6):679-82
Sinusitis of odontogenic origin. Brook I Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2006 Sep) 135(3):349-55
Deep neck abscess of dental origin draining through the external ear canal. Biron A Halperin D Sichel JY Eliashar R Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (2005 Jul) 133(1):166-7
A brain abscess of probable odontogenic origin in a child with cyanotic heart disease. Moskovitz M Birenboim R Katz-Sagi H Perles Z Averbuch D Pediatr Dent (2012 Sep-Oct) 34(5):403-6
Acute focal infections of dental origin. Olsen I van Winkelhoff AJ Periodontol 2000 (2014 Jun) 65(1):178-89
Septic pulmonary embolism secondary to dental focus. Serefhanoglu K Bayindir Y Ersoy Y Isik K Hacievliyagil SS Serefhanoglu S Quintessence Int (2008 Oct) 39(9):753-6
Diplopia and acute rectus muscle palsy as symptoms of an infected follicular cyst of a maxillary right third molar: a case report. Metzger MC Wagner KW Hohlweg-Majert B Voss PJ Schoen R Schmelzeisen R Quintessence Int (2007 Jul-Aug) 38(7):571-4
The patient with an odontogenic infection. Dirks SJ Terezhalmy GT Quintessence Int (2004 Jun) 35(6):482-502
Regarding three cases of descending necrotizing mediastinitis: spiral CT assessment. Pinto A Scaglione M Giovine S Lassandro F Gagliardi N Romano L Grassi R Radiol Med (2003 Apr) 105(4):291-5
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis of odontogenic origin. Biasotto M Chiandussi S Costantinides F Di Lenarda R Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov (2009 Jun) 4(2):143-50
Dental care and joint prostheses Bauer T Maman L Matha C Mamoudy P Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot (2007 Oct) 93(6):607-18
Endodontic biofilms and secondary infection of total hip arthroplasty. Goffart J Gillet P Rev Med Liege (2007 Dec) 62(12):736-42
Actinomyotic brain abscess Vega-Basulto S Dominguez-Napoles M Bethantes-Sotomayor Y de la Concepcion-Almeida F Sarduy-Ramos CM Gabriel MC Gutierrez-Munoz F Rivero-Garcia C Rivero-Truit F Vega-Trenado SA Rev Neurol (2004 Nov 16-30) 39(10):991-3
Cerebral abscesses of oral origin Limeres-Posse J Tomas-Carmona I Fernandez-Feijoo J Rev Neurol (2003 Aug 1-15) 37(3):201-6
Epidural abscess of the cervical spine secondary to dental abscess Correa-Nazco VJ Romero-Perez JC Dominguez J Amerigo MJ Gonzalez-Febles M Erdozain-Ruiz I Rev Neurol (1999 Aug 1-15) 29(3):286-7

Testing

Ascher M Diagnosis and therapy of focal infection Zahnarztl Prax (1969 Aug 1) 20(15):175-7
Bermanowa G The electroinduction test for the evaluation of the activity of odontogenic focal infections Reumatologia (1969) 7(2):151-5
Di Stefano PG A test for focal infection in dentistry using galvanic current Ann Stomatol (Roma) (1972 Jan-Feb) 21(1):39-44
Freyberger P Electropotential differences in the mouth as factors in dental focal infection and other disorders Zahnarztl Prax (1967 Feb 15) 18(4):41-2
Kramer F Electroacupuncture in dentistry Zahnarztl Prax (1974 Dec 20) 25(24):574-6
Kramer F Diagnosis of focal infection using the electroacupuncture Zahnarztl Prax (1969 Aug 15) 20(16):183-4
Thermography and focus diagnosisThermographie und Herddiagnostik ZWR (1975 May 25) 84(10):486-8
Leonhardt H Focal process and Voll’s electroacupuncture in dentistry ZWR (1974 Jul 10) 83(13):704-5
Leonhardt H The Voll electro-acupuncture in dentistry Zahnarztl Prax (1972 Jan 7) 23(1):10-1
Lautenbach E Focal process and electro-skin test with special reference to stomatology Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl (1975) 63(1):32-41
Maresch O Locus, range and reaction field of interference as basis for electric measurements in focal infection Osterr Z Stomatol (1973 Mar) 70(3):110-5
Maresch O Area of disturbances–reaction area as basis for electrical impulses in focal infection] Osterr Z Stomatol (1973 Mar) 70(3):110-5
Marschner G Detection of foci and troubled areas by the directed and reproducible method according to Voll Zahnarztl Prax (1967 May 1) 18(9):114-5
Reich H A case of focal infection, discovered by means of the electroacupuncture test Dtsch Zahnarztl Z (1974 Nov) 29(11):1043-4
Rost A Possibilities and limits of electroacupuncture in dentistry Zahnarztl Prax (1975 May 16) 26(10):226-7
Rost A Focal infection and focal diagnosis from the viewpoint of thermoregulation Freie Zahnarzt (1985 Oct) 29(10):82, 84, 86 passim
Rozenfel’d LG Timofeev AA Borisenko ON Stupko TN Thermographic diagnosis of diseases of the maxillofacial area Stomatologiia (Mosk) (1989 Jan-Feb) 68(1):54-8
Schuh E Critical examination of electrical, thermal and humoral methods in localizing focal infections Wien Med Wochenschr (1968 Jan 6) 118(1):
Schwarz E Mechanism and process of focal infection: Zahnarztl Prax (1974 Apr 5) 25(7):168-72

Reviews

Debelian GJ Olsen I Tronstad L Systemic diseases caused by oral microorganisms. Endod Dent Traumatol (1994 Apr) 10(2):57-65
Harsanyi L Schweitzer K [The focus of dental infection] Adatok a fogaszati goc kerdesehez. Fogorv Sz (1991 Dec) 84(12):369-74
Hollister MC Weintraub JA The association of oral status with systemic health, quality of life, and economic productivity. J Dent Educ (1993 Dec) 57(12):901-12
Meurman JH Dental infections and general health. Quintessence Int (1997 Dec) 28(12):807-11
Newman HN Focal infection revisited–the dentist as physician [editorial] J Dent Res (1992 Nov) 71(11):1854
Newman HN Focal infection revisited. J West Soc Periodontal Periodontal Abstr (1993) 41(3):73-7
Preda EG Pasetti P Focal pathology and infectious dental foci. Theoretical and clinical aspects
Patologie focali e foci infettivi dentari. Aspetti teorici e clinici. Dent Cadmos (1990 Jul 15) 58(12):34-43

Walsh LJ Serious complications of endodontic infections: some cautionary tales. Au

[i] Hubert Newman Focal infection Dent Res 75 (12) 1996 t Newman Focal infection Dent Res 75 (12) 1996 edited by Irwin Mandel (Assoc. Dean for Research School of Dental and Oral Surgery Colombia University New York )